Admission Test Section One : Verbal 認定 GRE-Verbal 試験問題:

1. SCALE : TONE :

A) wave : frequency
B) spectrum : color
C) form : shape
D) texture : sensation
E) prism : hue

2. The high incidence of speech articulation disorders among young children suggests that such "disorders"
are _______ developmental phenomena, since they generally occur less frequently among _______ age
groups.

A) very serious . . most
B) commonly misunderstood . . older
C) actually normal . . other
D) relatively rare . . certain
E) clinically acceptable . . younger

3. The _______ and _______ lifestyle of certain types of primates differs greatly from the habits of most
primate species, who are active during the day and who form societies based on quite complex
interrelationships.

A) diurnal . . gregarious
B) nocturnal . . solitary
C) inactive . . monogamous
D) sedentary . . omnivorous
E) nomadic . . lonely

4. The science of astronomy is widely viewed today as _______ at least as much as theoretical, in that
sooner or later what astronomers detect finds its way into theory, or the theory is modified to _______ it.

A) important . . supersede
B) practical . . demonstrate
C) empirical . . embrace
D) beneficial . . accept
E) observational . . disprove

5. For absolute dating of archeological artifacts, the radiocarbon method emerged during the latter half of
the twentieth century as the most reliable and precise method. The results of obsidian (volcanic glass)
dating, a method based on the belief that newly exposed obsidian surfaces absorb moisture from the
surrounding atmosphere at a constant rate, proved uneven. It was initially thought that the thickness of
the hydration layer would provide a means of calculating the time elapsed since the fresh surface was
made. But this method failed to account for the chemical variability in the physical and chemical
mechanism of obsidian hydration. Moreover, each geographic source presented unique chemical
characteristics, necessitating a trace element analysis for each such source. Yet despite its limitations,
obsidian dating helped archeologists identify the sources of many obsidian artifacts, and to identify in turn
ancient exchange networks for the flow of goods. Nor were ceramic studies and fluoride analysis
supplanted entirely by the radiocarbon method, which in use allows for field labeling and laboratory errors,
as well as sample contamination. In addition, in the 1970s, dendrochronological (tree-ring) studies on the
bristlecone pine showed that deviation from radiocarbon values increases as one moves back in time.
Eventually calibration curves were developed to account for this phenomenon; but in the archeological
literature we still find dual references to radiocarbon and sidereal, or calendar, time.
The author mentions all of the following as problems with radiocarbon dating EXCEPT for

A) deterioration of samples
B) identification errors by archeological field workers
C) mistakes by laboratory workers
D) disparities with the calendar dating system
E) contamination of artifacts

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